Dr. Hefdallah Yahya Yusuf Al Ahmadi
Head of the Department of History and International Relations, Al Mahwit College of
Education – Sana’a University, Yemen
Abstract:
The Twentieth Revolution against the British occupation of Iraq on June 30,
1920, represented one of the most important events in the contemporary
history of Iraq. It resulted in the establishment of the modern Iraqi state, and
constituted a major turning point in Britain’s policy towards the Middle East in
general.
The importance of the study lies in the fact that it deals with an important
historical event that is still controversial among researchers and historians,and thus this study can contribute to removing the ambiguity surrounding
many of the details of that revolution.
The problem of the study is that there is a great contradiction between the
historical accounts of the Twentieth Revolution in the literature of Iraqi
historians, which casts shadows of doubt and ambiguity about the events of
that revolution, the actors involved in it and its results, and raises question
marks about the real motives of those narratives, some of which may
contradict the truth of historical facts. Therefore, the study proceeded to
analyze and compare these historical accounts, and reached several results,
including: there is almost unanimity among Iraqi historians on the national
character of the Twentieth Revolution, and that the revolution was the result
of mainly internal factors and causes, and that national and national motives
formed the main engine of the revolution, while Religious and tribal motives
represented secondary, auxiliary motives, and that the twentieth revolution
led to the establishment of the modern Iraqi state, although the fruits of the
revolution were reaped by political parties who did not have a major role in it.
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